9. Groundwater Fundamentals & Flow Equations#

Groundwater Occurrence & Aquifers#

  • Types of aquifers: confined, unconfined, perched

  • Porosity, permeability, and storativity

  • Interaction between surface water and groundwater

Groundwater Flow Principles#

  • Darcy’s Law and hydraulic conductivity

  • Flow in saturated vs. unsaturated zones

  • Introduction to governing equations (Laplace, Dupuit-Forchheimer)

Lab/Exercise: Simple Darcy’s Law experiment using permeameters#

Exercise(s)#

ce3354-es9-2025-2.pdf Hydraulic gradients, flow rates, piezometric maps

Section End#