9. Groundwater Fundamentals & Flow Equations#
Groundwater Occurrence & Aquifers#
Types of aquifers: confined, unconfined, perched
Porosity, permeability, and storativity
Interaction between surface water and groundwater
Groundwater Flow Principles#
Darcy’s Law and hydraulic conductivity
Flow in saturated vs. unsaturated zones
Introduction to governing equations (Laplace, Dupuit-Forchheimer)
Lab/Exercise: Simple Darcy’s Law experiment using permeameters#
Exercise(s)#
ce3354-es9-2025-2.pdf Hydraulic gradients, flow rates, piezometric maps