1. cap-shape: bell=b,conical=c,convex=x,flat=f, knobbed=k,sunken=s 2. cap-surface: fibrous=f,grooves=g,scaly=y,smooth=s 3. cap-color: brown=n,buff=b,cinnamon=c,gray=g,green=r, pink=p,purple=u,red=e,white=w,yellow=y 4. bruises?: bruises=t,no=f 5. odor: almond=a,anise=l,creosote=c,fishy=y,foul=f, musty=m,none=n,pungent=p,spicy=s 6. gill-attachment: attached=a,descending=d,free=f,notched=n 7. gill-spacing: close=c,crowded=w,distant=d 8. gill-size: broad=b,narrow=n 9. gill-color: black=k,brown=n,buff=b,chocolate=h,gray=g, green=r,orange=o,pink=p,purple=u,red=e, white=w,yellow=y 10. stalk-shape: enlarging=e,tapering=t 11. stalk-root: bulbous=b,club=c,cup=u,equal=e, rhizomorphs=z,rooted=r,missing=? 12. stalk-surface-above-ring: fibrous=f,scaly=y,silky=k,smooth=s 13. stalk-surface-below-ring: fibrous=f,scaly=y,silky=k,smooth=s 14. stalk-color-above-ring: brown=n,buff=b,cinnamon=c,gray=g,orange=o, pink=p,red=e,white=w,yellow=y 15. stalk-color-below-ring: brown=n,buff=b,cinnamon=c,gray=g,orange=o, pink=p,red=e,white=w,yellow=y 16. veil-type: partial=p,universal=u 17. veil-color: brown=n,orange=o,white=w,yellow=y 18. ring-number: none=n,one=o,two=t 19. ring-type: cobwebby=c,evanescent=e,flaring=f,large=l, none=n,pendant=p,sheathing=s,zone=z 20. spore-print-color: black=k,brown=n,buff=b,chocolate=h,green=r, orange=o,purple=u,white=w,yellow=y 21. population: abundant=a,clustered=c,numerous=n, scattered=s,several=v,solitary=y 22. habitat: grasses=g,leaves=l,meadows=m,paths=p, urban=u,waste=w,woods=d Consider the feature list above, each feature is coded as a single character according the key for the feature. Using these 22 features how would Coprinopsis atramentaria (black ink cap) be encoded? csgfnfwbktrssggpwoeksu Coprinopsis atramentaria (Black Ink Cap) Feature Encoding Feature # Feature Name Likely Value Code Justification 1 Cap shape conical c Young cap is conical or bell-shaped, becoming more flattened later 2 Cap surface smooth s Smooth surface 3 Cap color gray g Gray to brownish gray 4 Bruises? no f Does not bruise distinctively 5 Odor none n Mild or no odor 6 Gill attachment free f Gills free from the stalk 7 Gill spacing crowded w Gills are crowded 8 Gill size broad b Broad gills, typical of inky caps 9 Gill color black k Turns black and dissolves into ink 10 Stalk shape tapering t Often narrows at base 11 Stalk root rooted r Rooted in soil (some sources say “equal”) 12 Stalk surface above ring smooth s Smooth texture 13 Stalk surface below ring smooth s Smooth texture 14 Stalk color above ring gray g Gray to whitish 15 Stalk color below ring gray g Same as above 16 Veil type partial p Has a fleeting partial veil 17 Veil color white w Veil is whitish when present 18 Ring number one o One ring from partial veil 19 Ring type evanescent e Ring disappears quickly 20 Spore print color black k Produces a black spore print 21 Population scattered s Grows in scattered groups 22 Habitat urban u Often found in grassy areas, roadsides, lawns (urban-ish)