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\textbf{\large{Rainfall Intensity in Design}}\\
Theodore G. Cleveland\footnote{Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Houston 
Houston, Texas 77204-4003 
Voice: 713-743-4280; e-mail: cleveland@uh.edu}\\
David B. Thompson\footnote{R.O. Anderson Engineering}\\
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\section*{\small{Abstract}}
This manuscript was motivated by a conversation at the 2007 ASCE-EWRI Congress where during a discussion of stormwater BMP design, two questions were posed:
\begin{enumerate}
 \item What rainfall intensity should be used for such design?
 \item How long (during a storm) must a BMP perform its water quality function? 
 \end{enumerate}
 
A more comprehensive question is ``After all, how hard can it rain?"  This paper addresses this last question and establishes a framework to address the other two questions.

In this manuscript the empirical hyetograph that relates depth and duration, and thus whether a storm is front loaded, back loaded, or uniformly loaded is considered.  Such an empirical hyetograph was prepared by the authors and others (Williams-Sether and others, 2004) for Texas and this hyetograph is ``dimensionalized'' using depth and duration data (Asquith and others, 2006) for selected locations in Texas. 

Using this empirical hyetograph and tabulations of historical depth and duration an adjustment, consistent with global maximum precipitation is suggested for intensity calculations, for both BMP design as well as for drainage design.

\subsection*{\small{References}}

Asquith, W.H., Roussel, M.C., Cleveland, T.G., Fang, Xing, and Thompson, D.B., 2006.
Statistical characteristics of storm interevent time, depth, and duration for eastern New
Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 1725, 299p. ISBN 1-411-31041-1

Williams-Sether, T., Asquith, W.H., Thompson, D.B., Cleveland, T.G., and X. Fang. 2004. Empirical, Dimensionless, Cumulative-Rainfall Hyetographs for Texas. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5075, 138p.

\textbf{Key Words:}  Rainfall depth; Rainfall duration; Global maximum precipitation, BMP design.






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